Cause  | Correction  | 
|---|---|
Stuck valves Carbon buildup on the valve stem can cause the valve not to close properly.  | Repair or replace as required.  | 
Excessively worn or mis-aligned timing chain  | Replace the timing chain and sprockets as required.  | 
Worn camshaft lobes  | Replace the camshaft and valve lifters.  | 
Sticking or worn lifters  | Replace as required.  |