For 1990-2009 cars

This vehicle is equipped with an Advics electronic brake control module (EBCM) and brake pressure modulator valve (BPMV).

The following vehicle performance enhancement systems are provided.

• | Antilock Brake System (ABS)

• | Dynamic Rear Proportioning (DRP)

• | Traction Control System (TCS) (w/NW7)

The EBCM controls the system functions and detects faults. The EBCM contains six solenoids that are commanded ON and OFF by the EBCM to operate the appropriate valves in the brake pressure modulator valve (BPMV).

The BPMV uses a 3-circuit configuration to control hydraulic pressure to each front wheel independently, and to the rear wheels as a pair.

### Antilock Brake System (ABS) Operation

When wheel slip is detected during a brake application, an ABS event occurs. During antilock braking, hydraulic pressure in the individual wheel circuits is controlled to prevent any wheel from slipping. A separate hydraulic line and specific solenoid valves are provided for each wheel. The ABS can decrease, hold, or increase hydraulic pressure to each wheel. The ABS does not, however, increase hydraulic pressure above the amount which is transmitted by the master cylinder during braking.

During antilock braking, a series of rapid pulsations is felt in the brake pedal. These pulsations are caused by the rapid changes in position of the individual solenoid valves as the electronic brake control module (EBCM) responds to wheel speed sensor inputs and attempts to prevent wheel slip. These pedal pulsations are present only during antilock braking and stop when normal braking is resumed or when the vehicle comes to a stop. A ticking or popping noise may also be heard as the solenoid valves cycle rapidly. During antilock braking on dry pavement, intermittent chirping noises may be heard as the tires approach slipping. These noises and pedal pulsations are considered normal during antilock operation.

Vehicles equipped with ABS may be stopped by applying normal force to the brake pedal. Brake pedal operation during normal braking is no different than that of previous non-ABS systems. Maintaining a constant force on the brake pedal provides the shortest stopping distance while maintaining vehicle stability. The typical ABS activation sequence is as follows:

#### Pressure Hold

The EBCM closes the isolation valve and keeps the dump valve closed in order to isolate the slipping wheel when wheel slip occurs. This holds the pressure steady on the brake so that the hydraulic pressure does not increase or decrease.

#### Pressure Decrease

If a pressure hold does not correct the wheel slip condition, a pressure decrease occurs. The isolation valve remains closed and the dump valve is opened. This allows a small amount of brake fluid to escape from the hydraulic circuit into the accumulator. The excess fluid is stored in the accumulator until the pump can return the fluid to the master cylinder or fluid reservoir.

#### Pressure Increase

After the wheel slip is corrected, a pressure increase occurs. The isolation and dump valves are returned to their off states and brake pressure in the hydraulic circuit is once again dependant on the amount of force applied to the brake pedal by the driver. If the driver applies too much pressure causing wheel slip, the ABS activation sequence reoccurs.

### Dynamic Rear Proportioning (DRP) Operation

The dynamic rear proportioning (DRP) is a control system that enhances the hydraulic proportioning function of the mechanical proportioning valve in the base brake system. The DRP control system is part of the operation software in the electronic brake control module (EBCM). The DRP uses active control with existing ABS in order to regulate the vehicle's rear brake pressure.

### Traction Control System (TCS)

When drive wheel slip is noted while the brake is not applied, the EBCM will enter traction control mode.

The EBCM uses a 5-volt pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal to request the PCM to reduce the amount of torque to the drive wheels. The PCM reduces torque to the drive wheels by retarding spark timing and by commanding the throttle actuator control. The PCM uses a 5-volt PWM signal in order to report to the EBCM the amount of torque delivered to the drive wheels.

### Power-up Self-Test

The electronic brake control module (EBCM) is able to detect many malfunctions whenever the ignition is ON. However, certain failures cannot be detected unless active diagnostic tests are performed on the components. Shorted solenoid coil or motor windings, for example, cannot be detected until the components are commanded ON by the EBCM. Therefore, a power-up self-test is required at the beginning of each ignition cycle to verify correct operation of components before the various control systems can be enabled. The EBCM performs the power-up self-test when the vehicle achieves a speed greater than 10 km/h (7 mph). The system relay, solenoids and the ABS pump motor are commanded ON and OFF to verify proper operation and the EBCM verifies the ability to return the system to base braking in the event of a failure. The power-up self-test may sometimes be heard by the driver or passengers of the vehicle.

### ECE 13 Response

The ABS indicator illuminates when a malfunction which disables ABS is detected. Often, the ABS indicator turns OFF following the instrument panel cluster (IPC) bulb check during the next ignition cycle unless the fault is detected during that ignition cycle. However, the setting of certain DTCs may cause the ABS indicator to remain illuminated during the subsequent ignition cycle until the vehicle is operated at a speed greater than 10 km/h (7 mph) and no fault is detected. This is referred to as an ECE 13 response. It is important to verify that ECE 13 is not the cause of an ABS indicator which is illuminated when no DTCs are set, before attempting to diagnose other possible causes.

### Driver Information Indicators and Messages

The following indicators are used to inform the driver of several different factors:

#### Brake Warning Indicator

The instrument panel cluster (IPC) illuminates the brake warning indicator when any of the following instances occur.

• | The body control module (BCM) detects that the park brake is engaged. The BCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting illumination.

• | The BCM detects a low brake fluid condition or a base brake pressure differential. The BCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting illumination.

• | The IPC performs the bulb check.

• | The electronic brake control module (EBCM) detects an ABS-disabling malfunction which also disables dynamic rear proportioning (DRP). The EBCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting illumination.

#### ABS Indicator

The IPC illuminates the ABS indicator when any of the following instances occur.

• | The EBCM detects an ABS-disabling malfunction. The EBCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting illumination.

• | The IPC performs the bulb check.

• | The IPC detects a loss of serial data communication with the EBCM.

• | An ECE 13 response occurs at the beginning of an ignition cycle. The EBCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting illumination.

#### Traction Off Indicator

The traction off indicator, which is a LED located on the traction control switch, illuminates only when the traction control switch has been pressed and released, disabling traction control. It is important to note that a traction fault does not illuminate this indicator and that there is no relationship between this indicator and the traction fault message.

#### Traction Fault Message

The IPC displays the traction fault message when either of the following instances occur.

• | The EBCM detects a malfunction that requires traction control to be disabled. The EBCM sends a serial data message to the IPC requesting that the message be displayed.

• | The IPC detects a loss of serial data communication with the EBCM.

#### ABS Fault Message

The IPC displays the ABS fault message whenever the ABS indicator is illuminated due to an ABS fault.

#### Brakes Message

The IPC displays the Brakes message whenever the red brake warning indicator is illuminated due to a base brake or DRP fault.